Startup and shutdown options Startup Options Startup nomount – Read initialization parameter Startup mount – Read Control file Startup / Open Startup force Startup restrict Startup upgrade/migrate Startup nomount — Read initialization parameter Instance will start and parameter file read. For database creation needs to start from here. Control file corruption can recover from here. Any parameter changes from pfile to spfile has to done from here, if the database uses a spfile. Startup mount — Read Control file The followings are possibility Read control file content Data file rename, redo log file rename. Archive log to no archive mode vice vera. Flash back database ON/OFF Startup…